The year before, Nyren’s lab had also spun off a company, Pyrosequencing AB, to refine and commercialize the technology. Pyrosequencing was not the firm that would bring the technology to market, however; that distinction went to Connecticut-based 454 Life Sciences, who licensed whole-genome pyrosequencing applications in 2003. 454 made chips which enabled highly efficient, parallelized sequencing reactions and released the GS20 sequencer in 2005 for the price of $500,000. The GS20 worked by attaching each individual DNA template molecule to a bead and copying it many times using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each bead was then loaded into a well in a microplate, where sequencing reactions would be carried out. The light from luciferase activation could be detected through the bottom of the wells, enabling sequences to be read.
采购完之后,整个扫描过程,就像一条工业流水线。
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Americans dislike daylight savings in general, but the move to standard time was more unpopular than the move to daylight savings. This is surprising as 'falling back' allows an hour more sleep, while 'springing forward' means an hour less shut eye.
63-летняя Деми Мур вышла в свет с неожиданной стрижкой17:54,这一点在体育直播中也有详细论述